F. Max Müller’s second round of Gifford Lectures, delivered before the University of Glasgow in the beginning of 1890, builds on the introductory material laid out in his first course, Natural Religion, now taking as his focus Physical Religion. Müller defines physical religion as a worship of the powers of nature. He turns his attention to the Vedic religion of the Brahmans and their sacred book, the Rig-veda (a collection of hymns), for the purposes of examining the natural evolution of the concept of God as the Prime Agent of the world. He also discusses at length various natural elements, such as fire and the storm-winds, which gave rise to the religious impulse in ancient cultures, demonstrating how these elements gradually assume a certain divinity that is later slowly divested in the minds of worshippers of its physical or material character. This divine quality in nature evolves into, or is revealed as, successive manifestations of the Supreme Being, which Müller calls the Infinite, the prime object of all religion. His published work on Physical Religion includes appendices.
Physical Religion
Books
Physical Religion
Lecture 1. How to Study Physical Religion.
Lecture 2. The Veda and the Testimonies to Its Early Existence.
Lecture 3. The Veda as Studied by European Scholars.
Lecture 4. Survey of Vedic Literature.
Lecture 7. The Biography of Agni.
Lecture 8. Agni as Divested of His Material Character.
Lecture 9. Usefulness of the Vedic Religion for a Comparative Study of Other Religions.
Lecture 10. Fire as Conceived in Other Religions.
Lecture 11. The Mythological Development of Agni.
Lecture 12. Religion Myth and Custom.
Lecture 13. Other Gods of Nature.
In Lecture I, ‘How to Study Physical Religion', Müller begins with a brief summary of Natural Religion, his first and introductory series of Gifford Lectures, explaining that this course of lectures will focus on physical religion, that is, on religion inspired by nature, as one of three manifestations of natural religion; the two courses of lectures to follow will treat the other two manifestation, anthropological and psychological religion, respectively.
- Brannon Hancock, University of Glasgow
- Sara Abraham, University of Glasgow