Science as Salvation looks at the development of beliefs regarding the nature of our world, our future, our origins and our outlook on life through the changing views about natural sciences, specifically physics. As our understanding of the nature of physical matter has changed, combined with a hypothesized need for faith and a worldview dependent on faith, human understanding of life and humanity has also changed.
In the published version of his lectures, New Theories of Everything, John D. Barrow makes reference to having delivered the Gifford Lectures at Glasgow in January 1988, but there are several references elsewhere to him delivering the Gifford Lectures in 1989 (e.g. Templeton Prize, "Fact Sheet for John D. Barrow").
In this volume, Mary Douglas provides an incisive reading of the book of Numbers through the lens of social anthropology and history of religions. She reads the work as the product of priestly redactors operative in the decades immediately following the return of exile from Babylon and suggests that the final form of the book reflects the protest of a minority group toward the employment of defilement and strict community boundaries by the Persian appointed governors Ezra and Nehemiah.
Creation of the Sacred: Tracks of Biology in Early Religions is based on the Gifford Lecture series delivered by Walter Burkert at St Andrews University in the academic year 1988–89.
Panikkar offers a “holistic vision” of how to move beyond cultural and religious divisions by finding a triadic principle—the Trinity in Christian tradition—in all human thought. He proposes alternatives to the various “all or nothing” dualisms of human belief by reviving “nondualistic” ideas in Western and Eastern thought and, in the latter case, ancient Indian philosophy especially. The themes “rhythm” and “continuous creation” (creatio continua) are used to describe various states of nondualism.
The 1988 centenary Gifford Lecturers were co-presented by Don Cupitt, John Barrow, Richard Dawkins, John Roberts, Anthony Kenny and John Habgood, six leading scholars from the disciplines of history, philosophy, theology, zoology and astrophysics, who addressed, through their plurality of voices, some of the traditional aspects of natural theology as identified in Max Müller's original Gifford Lectures given one hundred years previously, in 1888.
The book discussed herein was compiled after Alasdair MacIntyre presented his lecture at Edinburgh, as well as Yale, and largely focuses on the differences between these audiences to outline his point on the gaps between schools of philosophy. MacIntyre discusses three very different and mutually antagonistic conceptions of moral enquiry, each stemming from a seminal late nineteenth-century text: the ninth edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, Nietzsche’s Zur Genealodie De Moral and Pope Leo XIII’sAeterni Patris. MacIntyre lays out the issues in the opening chapters by placing the purpose of the Gifford series within the current context of philosophical debate, and traces the roots of dissent through the past few centuries of philosophy. The remaining chapters discuss the Augustinian, Aristotelian and Thomistic viewpoints of moral enquiry. MacIntyre concludes with discussion of tradition and genealogy in the areas of knowledge, information and philosophical understanding. His views on re-conceiving the university and the lecture as an institution and a genre are highly persuasive towards more productive philosophical debate. The most that one can hope is for these disagreements to become more constructive. It was with that aim that MacIntyre delivered and published these lectures.
In his 1986 course of Glasgow Gifford Lectures, posthumously published as Behind the Eye, Donald MacCrimmon MacKay surveys key trends in brain science and information theory and discusses their influence upon the topics of identity, theism and causality. Though science and technology have revealed a great deal about the inner workings of the human mind, MacKay argues that increased scientific knowledge need not bring about the end of theism’s intellectual credibility.
First Series: Life in the Universe
Introduction
Professor Carl Sagan’s Glasgow University Gifford Lectures, delivered in October 1985 under the theme The Search for Who We Are, have been published as The Varieties of Scientific Experience: A Personal View of the Search for God (2006).
Jürgen Moltmann seeks to articulate a doctrine of creation for humanity that centers upon God’s creating and sustaining activity within the world. Recent ecological destruction illustrates clearly the impact humanity has upon the world, and Moltmann advocates that humanity’s understanding of God’s relationship with the world must be understood to clarify an ecological doctrine of creation that nurtures life and the created world.
In this book, Michael Arbib, a researcher in artificial intelligence and brain theory, joins forces with Mary Hesse, a philosopher of science, to present an integrated account of how humans ‘construct’ reality through interaction with the social and physical world around them. The book is a major expansion of the Gifford Lectures delivered by the authors at the University of Edinburgh in the autumn of 1983.
Sanford’s brief 1982–1983 Gifford Lectures consisted of five lectures that explored the nature of cognition with respect to language, common sense and value. His work is based on the premise that natural theology must take into consideration not only the external natural world but also the symbolic world of concepts, language and cognition.
This book, a revised and expanded version of Murdoch’s 1982 Gifford Lectures, is an intriguing, scholarly, but sprawling work that proceeds reflectively through an enormous range of topics, including art and religion, morals and politics, Wittgenstein, metaphysics, deconstruction, Schopenhauer, imagination, and Martin Buber. What Murdoch presents here is not a systematic treatise, but what can be described as ‘a huge hall of reflection full of light and space and fresh air, in which ideas and intuitions can be unsystematically nurtured’.
In Knowledge and the Sacred Nasr analyzes humanity’s pursuit of knowledge and proposes that in every culture throughout human history humanity’s quest for knowledge has been a sacred activity as men and women seek to discover the Divine. Drawing from many traditions including philosophy, Islam, Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, and Zoroastrianism, Nasr explores humanity’s quest for knowledge and quest for the Divine and how these quests relate to one another throughout history.
In Knowledge and the Sacred Nasr analyzes humanity’s pursuit of knowledge and proposes that in every culture throughout human history humanity’s quest for knowledge has been a sacred activity as men and women seek to discover the Divine. Drawing from many traditions including philosophy, Islam, Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, and Zoroastrianism, Nasr explores humanity’s quest for knowledge and quest for the Divine and how these quests relate to one another throughout history.
While Brenner's lectures were never published, the archives at Glasgow University record the following individual lecture titles:
In Beyond Ideology, Ninian Smart faces up to the reality that in the world of humans there exist different Beyonds, or at the very least there are different maps of the world hereafter. From this it becomes clear that the problem of the plurality of religions cannot be left unaddressed. Smart’s consideration of the plurality of religions is completed in a much broader perspective than is usual.
David Stafford-Clark (1916–1999), one of Britain's foremost psychiatrists, delivered his Gifford Lectures – "Magic, Myth, and Denial: The Treacherous Allies" – at the University of St Andrews in 1977.
Reijer Kooyhaas (1906–1994), a leading historian of science, delivered his Gifford Lectures – "Fact, Faith and Fiction in the Development of Science" – at the University of St Andrews 1975–1977. The lectures were published posthumously by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999.
In Morality, Religious and Secular: The Dilemma of the Traditional Conscience, Basil Mitchell wrestles with the relationship between morality and theism. Through a critical examination of three wholly secular moral theories—rational/scientific humanism, romantic humanism and liberal humanism—he concludes that non-religious moralities, though simpler in some ways, fail to meet the demands of the ‘traditional conscience’.
The lectures seek to demonstrate by historical and epistemological analysis the necessary dependence of the rise of science in the West, and its continuation in the whole world, upon the cultural and metaphysical matrix provided by the Judeo-Christian worldview. The key and unique features of that worldview required for science to be born and mature include conviction of the world’s rationality, intelligibility and contingency, summarized by the Thomistic proofs for the existence of God.
The lectures discuss some central themes in contemporary analytic philosophy, with special attention to the theory of knowledge.
The Life of the Mind was originally intended to cover an examination of three fundamental aspects of mind: Thinking, Willing, and Judging. Arendt’s death in 1975 precluded the completion of the entire work, leaving only the first two volumes for publication.
