Contents
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Preface
PART ONE
CONFLICTING VALUES
1. VIEWS OF TECHNOLOGY
I. TECHNOLOGY AS LIBERATOR
1. The Benefits of Technology
2. Optimistic Views of Technology
3. A Reply to the Optimists
II. TECHNOLOGY AS THREAT
1. The Human Costs of Technology
2. Recent Critics of Technology
3. A Reply to the Pessimists
III. TECHNOLOGY AS INSTRUMENT OF POWER
1. Technology and Political Power
2. The Redirection of Technology
3. The Social Construction of Technology
IV. CONCLUSIONS
2. HUMAN VALUES
I. SCIENCE AND HUMAN VALUES
1. Values Intrinsic to Science
2. Evolutionary Ethics
3. The Contribution of Science to Ethics
II. PHILOSOPHY AND HUMAN VALUES
1. Utilitarianism and Its Critics
2. The Concept of Justice
3. Freedom as Participation
III. RELIGION AND HUMAN VALUES
1. Christian Ethics
2. Individual Values
3. Social Values
4. Human Nature
IV. CONCLUSIONS
3. ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES
I. SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES
1. New Views of Nature
2. Biocentric Ethics
II. PHILOSOPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES
1. Human Benefits from the Environment
2. Duties to Future Generations
3. Respect for All Forms of Life
III. RELIGION AND ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES
1. Eastern Religions
2. Historical Christianity
3. Contemporary Theology
IV. CONCLUSIONS
PART TWO
CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES
4. AGRICULTURE
I. FOOD AND HUNGER
1. Causes of Hunger
2. Environmental Constraints
II. WESTERN AGRICULTURE
1. Family Farms and Rural Life
2. Agribusiness and Research Priorities
3. Sustainable Agriculture
III. AGRICULTURE IN THE THIRD WORLD
1. The Green Revolution and Malnutrition
2. Sustainable Development
IV. FOOD AND GLOBAL JUSTICE
1. Ethical Principles
2. National Policies
V. CONCLUSIONS
5. ENERGY
I. FOSSIL FUELS
1. Oil and Global Justice
2. Coal and the Environment
II. NUCLEAR POWER
1. Reactor Safety and Risk Acceptability
2. Radioactive Wastes and Future Generations
3. The Future of Nuclear Power
III. RENEWABLE SOURCES
1. Solar Energy and Sustainability
2. Decentralization and Participation
IV. CONSERVATION
1. Energy and Economic Development
2. Life-styles and Personal Fulfillment
3. Energy in the Third World
V. CONCLUSIONS
6. COMPUTERS
I. COMPUTERS AND WORK
1. Automation and Human Skills
2. The Electronic Office
3. Centralization and Decentralization
II. COMPUTERS AND CITIZENS
1. Access to Information
2. Computer Programmers and Users
3. Data Banks and Privacy
III. COMPUTERS FOR WAR AND PEACE
1. Military Computers
2. Computers in the Third World
IV. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
1. Progress in Artificial Intelligence
2. Artificial Intelligence and Human Nature
3. Prospects for the Future
V. CONCLUSIONS
PART THREE
TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE
7. UNPRECEDENTED POWERS
I. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
1. Air and Water Pollution
2. Global Threats: An Endangered Planet
3. The “Limits to Growth” Debate
II. GENETIC ENGINEERING
1. Modifying Microbes, Plants, and Animals
2. Human Genetic Engineering
3. The Social Context of Research
III. NUCLEAR WEAPONS
1. The Arms Race
2. Ethical and Theological Issues
3. Arms Control Treaties
4. Global Security
IV. CONCLUSIONS
8. CONTROLLING TECHNOLOGY
I. GOVERNING TECHNOLOGY
1. The Diverse Roles of Government
2. Technical Experts and Policy Decisions
3. Citizens and Political Participation
II. ASSESSING TECHNOLOGY
1. Cost-Benefit Analysis
2. Risk Assessment
3. Technology Assessment Methods
III. REDIRECTING TECHNOLOGY
1. Regulatory Strategies
2. Justice, Employment, and the Environment
3. The Social Responsibility of Scientists and Engineers
IV. CONCLUSIONS
9. NEW DIRECTIONS
I. TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN VALUES
1. Policy Priorities
2. Appropriate Technology
3. Scale, Efficiency, and Participation
II. SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
1. A Conserver Society
2. Individual Life-styles
III. CHANGING VALUES
1. A New Social Paradigm
2. A Biblical Perspective
3. Sources of Change
Notes
Index of Names
